In Hinduism, term used to denote the “eternal” or absolute set of duties or religiously ordained practices incumbent upon all Hindus, regardless of class, caste, or sect. Different texts give different lists of the duties, but in general sanatana dharma consists of virtues such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings, purity, goodwill, mercy, patience, forbearance, self-restraint, generosity, and asceticism. Sanatana dharma is contrasted with svadharma, one’s “own duty” or the particular duties enjoined upon an individual according to his or her class or caste and stage of life. The potential for conflict between the two types of dharma (e.g., between the particular duties of a warrior and the general injunction to practice non-injury) is addressed in Hindu texts such as the Bhagavad Gītā, where it is said that in such cases svadharma must prevail.The term has also more recently been used by Hindu leaders, reformers, and nationalists to refer to Hinduism as a unified world religion. Sanatana dharma has thus become a synonym for the “eternal” truth and teachings of Hinduism, the latter conceived of as not only transcendent of history and unchanging but also as indivisible and ultimately nonsectarian.Source: Britanica
DEVIS & DEVTAS
GANESH JI ( गणेश जी )
Birth of Lord Ganesha:To understand why Lord Ganesha is worshipped at the start of every pooja and before the start of any new initiatives, we need to understand the symbolism behind Lord Ganesha.The story of Ganesha’s birth is well-known. Ganesha was born out of the collection of dirt from Parvati’s body. ‘Parvati’ is the high energy of a celebration or festival, and there is always some aspect of negativity in this high energy. This is symbolized by the dirt. When this body of dirt encountered the ‘Shiva element’, the ‘Advait Tatva’, its head, that is ego, fell apart and was then replaced by the head of an elephant.Lord Shiva’s blessing
Ganesha was blessed by Lord Shiva himself that he would be worshipped at the outstart of any auspicious occasion or puja.Lord Ganesha has an elephant head. An elephant represents both gyan shakti and karma shakti. The principal qualities of the elephant are wisdom and effortlessness. The enormous head of the elephant signifies wisdom and knowledge. Elephants don’t walk around obstacles; neither are they stopped by them. They just remove them and walk ahead – signifying effortlessness. So, when we worship Lord Ganesha, these qualities within us are kindled, and we take on these qualities.Thus, before we start any pooja, we invoke Lord Ganesha, meaning we have to awaken Lord Ganesha’s element in our soul. This will help us to move from negativity towards positivity. We make an idol of Ganapathi out of clay and appeal to Him that the same life that exists within us, which is the Lord himself, should reside in the idol for a short time so that we can play with Him.Fruit of worship:So when we worship Him, all the good qualities blossom in us. He is also the Lord of knowledge and wisdom. Knowledge dawns only when we become aware of the Self. When there is inertia, there is no knowledge, no wisdom, nor is there any liveliness (Chaitanya) or progress in life. So the consciousness has to be awakened, and the presiding deity of consciousness is Ganesha. That’s why before every puja, the Lord Ganesha is worshipped to awaken the consciousness.Therefore, install the idol, worship it with infinite love, meditate and experience Lord Ganesha from within. This is the symbolic essence of the Ganesh Chaturthi festival, to awaken the Ganesh tattva, which is masked inside us.Source: Art of Living
BRAHMA DEV ( ब्रह्मा देव )
Brahma:Brahma is the creator of the universe and of all beings, as depicted in the Hindu cosmology. The Vedas, the oldest and the holiest of Hindu scriptures, are attributed to Brahma, and thus Brahma is regarded as the father of dharma. He is not to be confused with Brahman which is a general term for the Supreme Being or Almighty God. Although Brahma is one of the Trinity, his popularity is no match to that of Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma is to be found to exist more in scriptures than in homes and temples. In fact, it is hard to find a temple dedicated to Brahma. One such temple is located in Pushkar in Rajasthan.The Birth of Brahma:
According to the Puranas, Brahma is the son of God, and often referred to as Prajapati. The Shatapatha Brahman says that Brahma was born of the Supreme Being Brahman and the female energy known as Maya. Wishing to create the universe, Brahman first created the water, in which he placed his seed. This seed transformed into a golden egg, from which Brahma appeared. For this reason, Brahma is also known as ‘Hiranyagarbha’. According to another legend, Brahma is self-born out of a lotus flower which grew from the navel of Vishnu.In order to help him create the universe, Brahma gave birth to the 11 forefathers of the human race called ‘Prajapatis’ and the seven great sages or the ‘Saptarishi’. These children or mind-sons of Brahma, who were born out of his mind rather than body, are called the ‘Manasputras’.The Symbolism of Brahma in Hinduism:In the Hindu pantheon, Brahma is commonly represented as having four heads, four arms, and red skin. Unlike all the other Hindu gods, Brahma carries no weapon in his hands. He holds a water-pot, a spoon, a book of prayers or the Vedas, a rosary and sometimes a lotus. He sits on a lotus in the lotus pose and moves around on a white swan, possessing the magical ability to separate milk from a mixture of water and milk. Brahma is often depicted as having long, white beard, with each of his heads reciting the four Vedas.Brahma, Cosmos, Time, and Epoch:Brahma presides over 'Brahmaloka,' a universe that contains all the splendors of the earth and all other worlds. In Hindu cosmology, the universe exists for a single day called the ‘Brahmakalpa’. This day is equivalent to four billion earth years, at the end of which the whole universe gets dissolved. This process is called ‘pralaya’, which repeats for such 100 years, a period that represents Brahma's lifespan. After Brahma's "death", it is necessary that another 100 of his years pass until he is reborn and the whole creation begins anew.Linga Purana, which delineates the clear calculations of the different cycles, indicates that Brahma's life is divided in one thousand cycles or ‘Maha Yugas’.
VISHNU DEV ( विष्णु देव )
Vishnu is one of the most important gods in the Hindu pantheon. He is considered a member of the holy trinity (trimurti) of Hinduism with Brahma and Shiva. Vishnu is the Preserver and guardian of men, he protects the order of things (dharma), and he appears on earth in various incarnations (avatars) to fight demons and to maintain cosmic harmony.Vishnu is the most important god of Vaishnavism, the largest Hindu sect. Indeed, to illustrate Vishnu's superior status, Brahma is, in some accounts, considered to have been born from a lotus flower which grew from Vishnu's naval. Vishnu was married to Lakshmi (the goddess of good fortune), Sarawati (the goddess of wisdom) and Ganga (the goddess who is the personification of the River Ganges). However, unable to live with the quarrels between his three wives, Vishnu eventually sent Ganga to Shiva and Sarawati to Brahma. In some accounts, another wife of Vishnu's is Bhumi-Devi (goddess of the Earth). He is considered to live in the city of Vaikuntha on Mt. Meru, where everything is made of shining gold and fabulous jewels and where there are lakes resplendent with lotus flowers.
MAHADEV - SHIV JI ( महादेव - शिव जी )
Shiva is known as The Destroyer within the Trimurti, the Hindu trinity which also includes Brahma and Vishnu.In the Shaivite tradition, Shiva is the Supreme Lord who creates, protects and transforms the universe. In the goddess-oriented Shakta tradition, the Supreme Goddess (Devi) is regarded as the energy and creative power (Shakti) and the equal complementary partner of Shiva. Shiva is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism.Shiva has many aspects, benevolent as well as fearsome. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient Yogi who lives an ascetic life on Mount Kailash as well as a householder with his wife Parvati and his two children, Ganesha and Kartikeya. In his fierce aspects, he is often depicted slaying demons. Shiva is also known as Adiyogi (the first Yogi), regarded as the patron god of yoga, meditation and the arts. The iconographical attributes of Shiva are the serpent king Vasuki around his neck, the adorning crescent moon, the holy river Ganga flowing from his matted hair, the third eye on his forehead (the eye that turns everything in front of it into ashes when opened), the trishula or trident as his weapon, and the damaru. He is usually worshipped in the aniconic form of lingam.Shiva has pre-Vedic roots, and the figure of Shiva evolved as an amalgamation of various older non-Vedic and Vedic deities, including the Rigvedic storm god Rudra who may also have non-Vedic origins, into a single major deity. Shiva is a pan-Hindu deity, revered widely by Hindus in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Indonesia (especially in Java and Bali).
SARASWATI DEV ( सरस्वती देवी )
Saraswati Devi is the hindu goddess of knowledge, music, flowing water, abundance and wealth, art, speech, wisdom, and learning.She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati.She is a pan-Indian deity, also revered in Jainism and Buddhism.: The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a goddess is in the Rigveda.She has remained significant as a goddess from the Vedic period through the modern period.She is generally depicted with four arms (which hold four symbols: a book, a rosary, a water pot, and a musical instrument called the veena).The festival of Vasant Panchami (the fifth day of spring, and also known as Saraswati Puja and Saraswati Jayanti in many regions of India) is celebrated in her honour.
LAKSHMI DEVI ( लक्ष्मी देवी )
Lakshmi is one of the principal goddesses in Hinduism.Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth, fortune, prosperity, beauty, fertility, royal power and abundance.Lakshmi is the supreme goddess in Vaishnavism.
Lakshmi along with Parvati and Saraswati, forms the Tridevi.Within the goddess-oriented Shaktism, Lakshmi is venerated as the prosperity aspect of the Mother goddess.Lakshmi is both the consort and the divine energy (shakti) of Vishnu, the Supreme Being of Vaishnavism.Lakshmi is also the Supreme Goddess in the sect and assists Vishnu to create, protect, and transform the universe.Lakshmi is depicted in Indian art as an elegantly dressed, prosperity-showering golden-coloured woman standing or sitting in the padmasana position upon a lotus throne, while holding a lotus in her hand, symbolising fortune, self-knowledge, and spiritual liberation.Her iconography shows her with four hands, which represent the four aspects of human life important to Hindu culture: dharma, kama, artha, and moksha.The Lakshmi Sahasranama of the Skanda Purana, Lakshmi Tantra, Markandeya Purana, Devi Mahatmya, and Vedic scriptures describe Lakshmi as having eight or eighteen hands, and as sitting on Garuda, a lion, or a tiger.
PARVATI DEVI (पार्वती देवी)
Maa Parvati is also known as Uma and Gauri.She is the Hindu goddess of power, energy, nourishment, harmony, love, beauty, devotion, and motherhood.She is one of the central deities of the goddess-oriented sect called Shaktism, and the supreme goddess in Shaivism.Along with Lakshmi and Saraswati, she forms the Tridevi.In her complete form, she is a physical representation of Mahadevi also known as Adi Shakti, the primordial power behind the creation of the universe, the creator and destroyer according to Shaktism.Parvati is married to Shiva. She is a primordial goddess in Hinduism.Parvati and Shiva have taken many incarnations and divine forms together.Parvati is the mother of the Hindu deities Ganesha and Kartikeya, Ashokasundari and many other deities.The Puranas also say that she is the companion of the river goddess Ganga.For Hindus, she is considered to be the divine energy between a man and a woman, like the energy of Shiva and Shakti.Parvati is a powerful, primordial mother goddess, and also has several fearsome forms and killed evil beings in forms such as Gauri, Durga, Kali, the ten Mahavidyas, and the Navadurgas.Parvati is an embodiment of Shakti. In Shaivism, she is the recreative energy and power of Shiva, and she is the cause of a bond that connects all beings and a means of their spiritual release.Source: Google Wikipedia
Shree Ram ( श्री राम )
Shree Rām is a major deity in Hinduism.He is worshipped as the seventh and one of the most popular avatars of Vishnu.In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Also considered as the ideal man (maryada purushottam).Rama is the male protagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana.His birthday is celebrated every year on Rama Navami, which falls on the ninth day of the bright half (Shukla Paksha) of the lunar cycle of Chaitra (March–April), the first month in the Hindu calendar.According to the Ramayana, Rama was born to Dasaratha and his first wife Kausalya in Ayodhya, the capital of the Kingdom of Kosala.His siblings included Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna.He married Sita. Born in a royal family.Rama's life is described in the Hindu texts as one challenged by unexpected changes, such as an exile into impoverished and difficult circumstances, and challenges of ethical questions and moral dilemmas.Of all his travails, the most notable is the kidnapping of Sita by demon-king Ravana, followed by the determined and epic efforts of Rama and Lakshmana to gain her freedom and destroy the evil Ravana against great odds.The entire life story of Rama, Sita and their companions allegorically discusses duties, rights and social responsibilities of an individual.It illustrates dharma and dharmic living through model characters.Rama is especially important to Vaishnavism. He is the central figure of the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, a text historically popular in the South Asian and Southeast Asian cultures.
MATA SITA ( माता सीता )
Mata is also known as Siya, Janaki and Maithili.She is a Hindu goddess and the female protagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana.Sita is the consort of Rama, the avatar of god Vishnu, and is regarded as an avatar of goddess Lakshmi.Described as the daughter of Bhūmi (the earth), Sita is brought up as the adopted daughter of King Janaka of Videha.Sita, in her youth, chooses Rama, the prince of Ayodhya as her husband in a swayamvara.After the swayamvara, she accompanies her husband to his kingdom, but later chooses to accompany her husband, along with her brother-in-law Lakshmana, in his exile.While in exile, the trio settles in the Dandaka forest from where she is abducted by Ravana, the Rakshasa king of Lanka.She is imprisoned in the garden of Ashoka Vatika, in Lanka, until she is rescued by Rama, who slays her captor.After the war, in some versions of the epic, Rama asks Sita to undergo Agni Pariksha (an ordeal of fire), by which she proves her chastity, before she is accepted by Rama, which for the first time makes his brother Lakshmana angry at him.After proving her purity, Rama and Sita return to Ayodhya, where they are crowned as king and queen.One day, a man questions Sita's fidelity and in order to prove her innocence and maintain his own and the kingdom's dignity, Rama sends Sita into the forest near the sage Valmiki's ashram.Years later, Sita returns to the womb of her mother, the Earth, for release from a cruel world and as a testimony of her purity, after she reunites her two sons Kusha and Lava with their father Rama.
SHREE KRISHNA ( श्री कृष्ण )
Shree Krishna is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme God in his own right.He is the god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love and is widely revered among Hindu divinities.Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Krishna Janmashtami according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which falls in late August or early September of the Gregorian calendar.The anecdotes and narratives of Krishna's life are generally titled as Krishna Līlā.He is a central figure in the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana, the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, and the Bhagavad Gita, and is mentioned in many Hindu philosophical, theological, and mythological texts.They portray him in various perspectives: as a god-child, a prankster, a model lover, a divine hero, and the universal supreme being.His iconography reflects these legends and shows him in different stages of his life, such as an infant eating butter, a young boy playing a flute, a young boy with Radha or surrounded by female devotees, or a friendly charioteer giving counsel to Arjuna.The name and synonyms of Krishna have been traced to 1st millennium BCE literature and cults.In some sub-traditions, like Krishnaism, Krishna is worshipped as the Supreme God and Svayam Bhagavan (God Himself).These sub-traditions arose in the context of the medieval era Bhakti movement.Krishna-related literature has inspired numerous performance arts such as Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Odissi, and Manipuri dance.He is a pan-Hindu god, but is particularly revered in some locations, such as:1. Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh
2. Dwarka and Junagadh in Gujarat
3. The Jagannatha aspect in Odisha, Mayapur in West Bengal
4. Vithoba in Pandharpur, Maharashtra
5. Shrinathji at Nathdwara in Rajasthan
6. Udupi Krishna in Karnataka
7. Parthasarathy in Tamil Nadu
8. Aranmula, Kerala, and Guruvayoorappan in Guruvayoor in Kerala